Analysis of Various Techniques of Steganography for Embedding and Securing Data

Data has become vulnerable to attackers and viruses so that security of the data has become main purpose now days. The steganography is a proficient technique to secure the data and has a long history but now the steganography has changed a lot. In modern steganography the digital carrier, electronic text, disk space, network packets, digital images, digital videos, digital audio etc are used for hiding the data. This study is organized with an objective to have an overview to steganography and its various types. The techniques for image steganography are also discussed in this work

Papilloma with myoepithelial hyperplasia in breast: a rare cytology diagnosis

Papillary neoplasm of breast with myoepithelial hyperplasia is a rare entity. Interpretation of papillary lesions of the breast remains a challenging task because of the wide morphologic spectrum encountered in benign, atypical and malignant subtypes. We present an interesting and rare case of a 37 year old female reported to surgical out-patient department with complaints of lump in right breast for 2 years. Mammogram diagnosis was Intraductal malignancy with Birads score V. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesion did not reveal features of malignancy and a diagnosis of papillary neoplasm with myoepithelial hyperplasia was rendered. Excision biopsy of the lump showed multiple papillomatosis with marked myoepithelial hyperplasia. The diagnosis of this entity by Fine needle aspiration cytology is crucial as it is a rare diagnosis and it can mimic malignancy, radiologically and clinically. It is imperative to rule out malignancy in such cases as it changes the treatment plan dramatically

Recent Advances in Voltammetric Sensing

The practical day to day life is largely affected by the products that we use, the air that we breathe, the soil that is used to grow crops, the water we drink and use for various household chores or industrial purposes. The purity analysis of these products or estimation of useful inorganic and organic analytes is of utmost importance for avoiding health and environment risk. Everyone wants to be aware that what they are eating or applying on their skin is safe for them. A diabetic patient needs to monitor their blood sugar levels constantly. The air, water and soil quality needs constant monitoring to avoid health hazards. Not just this, chemical analysis is crucial as a crime investigation technique to identify suspects. Fuel quality and storage needs to be tested for eliminating unwanted losses. The electrochemical techniques are inherently fast, selective and sensitive and some systems are portable as well which is a boon for on-site monitoring. Voltammetric techniques like cyclic voltammetry, stripping voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, amperometry and other techniques provide specific information of the analytes to be tested. This chapter will highlight the voltammetric techniques used for different types of analyte sensing and the advances that have taken place recently related to voltammetric sensing

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATERMARKING ALGORITHM BASED ON ADAPTIVE PREDICTION METHOD

Now a days digital watermarking appeared as a solution for copyright detection, protection and maintenance of important data. This paper deals with a new reversible watermarking algorithm based on adaptive prediction error expansion, which can recover original image after extracting the hidden data. Embedding capacity of such algorithm depend on the prediction accuracy of the predictor. The method can embed secret data into 3×3 image block order by exploiting the pixel redundancy within each block. It has been observed that proposed method of reversible watermarking provide much better results in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE) in comparison to existing literature

A Giant Lipoma In The Hand - Report Of A Rare Case

A 38 years old male patient presented with a large painless swelling in the right palm with ultrasound examination suggestive of fatty nature of the swelling MRI showing a well-circumscribed soft tissue swelling in the deep palmar space. The giant tumor of 6.5 X 4 cm was excised and the patient was symptom free two years following the surgery

Comparison of quality of anardana (dried arils) prepared in mechanical cabinet and solar tunnel drier from wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits procured from different locations of Himachal Pradesh, India

The dried arils (anardana) prepared from wild pomegranate fruits (Punica granatum L.) are widely used as an acidulant in culinary purposes and in formulations of various ayurvedic medicines which are helpful in curing a number of ailments. As there is a wide variation among the quality of fruits which is due to geographic conditions, climatic factors and genetic variability so anardana was prepared from the fruits of different locations under different drying modes. The prepared product was further compared for its physico-chemical, antioxidant and sensory characteristics. Anardana prepared under mechanical cabinet drier and solar tunnel drier was comparable in terms of its various quality characteristics. While comparing the locations for the procurement of raw material, best quality anardana in terms of various quality attributes like colour, TSS [(total soluble solids) (40.35 oB)], total sugars (26.15 %), anthocyanins (37.97 mg/100 g), total phenols (176.46 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (39.45 mg QuE/100 g), antioxidant activity (59.53 %), starch (2.87 %) and sensory characteristics was prepared from the fruits of Karsog location (1265 meters above mean sea level) of Himachal Pradesh, India

TESTBED IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI DIMENSIONAL SPECTRUM SENSING SCHEMES FOR COGNITIVE RADIO

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising technology to exploit the underutilized spectrum. Spectrum sensing is one of the most important components for the establishment of cognitive radio system. Spectrum sensing allows the secondary users (SUs) to detect the presence of the primary users (PUs). The aim of this work is to create a CR environment to study the spectrum sensing methods using Universal software radio Peripheral (USRP) boards. In this paper a novel method of estimation of spectrum opportunities in multiple dimensions especially the space and the angle dimensions are carried out on USRP boards. This paper typically provides the experimental results carried out in an indoor wireless environment. To enhance the sensing performance the space dimension is firstly studied using spatial diversity of the cooperative SUs. Secondly the receiver diversity is analyzed using multiple antennas to enhance the error performance of the wireless system. The spectrum usage is also determined in the angle dimension by investigating the direction of the dominant signals using MUSIC algorithm

Isolation and therapeutic efficacy of enteropathogenic E. coli phage cocktail against colibacillosis in neonatal goats

Phage based therapeutics have shown promising results against the infections caused by the drug resistant bacteria. To combat the problem of antibiotic resistance posed by diarrhoeagenic E. coli, here, we identified and characterized 38 E. coli phages which were isolated from 70 solid sources (goat-faeces and soil). The in vitro lytic range of phage isolates (n=38) against 439 isolates of E. coli was found between 16 and 53%. Three phage isolates with highest host range showed lytic efficacy against 53, 48 and 46% of E. coli isolates, respectively. A preparation with above three phages was developed, and the phages of the preparation were found stable at wide range of temperature, pH and chloroform treatment. Endotoxin content of the preparation was found below the threshold level and it also passed safety and sterility tests. a total of 40 diarrheic goat kids were administered orally with the therapeutic phage preparation for two days twice daily. Total 21 diarrheic goat-kids were successfully treated using the therapeutic phage preparation, whereas 19 kids could not be treated (success rate: 52.5%; 21/40). The results of the current study provide insight for using lytic bacteriophages for therapeutic interventions against drug resistant E. coli responsible for colibacillosis in neonatal goat kid